What is the primary cause of eczema herpeticum?

Eczema herpeticum is primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This condition occurs when the virus infects areas of skin that have been compromised due to eczema, leading to a superinfection. Individuals with atopic dermatitis or eczema have a disrupted skin barrier, which makes them more susceptible to viral infections, including HSV. When the virus enters through the damaged skin, it can cause clusters of painful vesicles and erosions, often appearing on the face or on the extensor surfaces of the body. The management of eczema herpeticum typically involves antiviral therapy to reduce the duration and severity of the infection. Understanding the role of HSV in this condition is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment, especially in patients with a history of atopic dermatitis.