What is the primary environmental risk factor for the development of skin cancer?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is recognized as the primary environmental risk factor for the development of skin cancer. This is primarily due to the way UV radiation affects skin cells. Exposure to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources significantly increases the risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.

When skin cells absorb UV radiation, it can cause damage to the DNA within those cells. Over time, if the DNA repair mechanisms are overwhelmed due to excessive exposure, mutations can occur. These mutations may lead to uncontrolled cell growth, resulting in cancerous lesions. In particular, intermittent intense sun exposure that causes sunburn has been associated with a higher risk of developing melanoma, while cumulative sun exposure is more commonly linked to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

While other factors such as pollution, chemical exposure, and humidity can contribute to overall skin health and may have a secondary role in skin cancer risk, none are as significant or direct in relation to skin cancer development as UV radiation. Therefore, focusing on UV protection measures such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing is crucial in reducing the incidence of skin cancer.